Faster Dynamic Compressed d-ary Relations

Abstract: The $k^2$-tree is a successful compact representation of binary relations that exhibit sparseness and/or clustering properties. It can be extended to $d$ dimensions, where it is called a $k^d$-tree. The representation boils down to a long bitvector. We show that interpreting the $k^d$-tree as a dynamic trie on the Morton codes of the points, instead of as a dynamic representation of the bitvector as done in previous work, yields operation times that are below the lower bound of dynamic bitvectors and offers improved time performance in practice.