Machine Learning Surrogates for Predicting Response of an Aero-Structural-Sloshing System

Abstract: This study demonstrates the feasibility of developing ML surrogates based on Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN) for predicting the unsteady aeroelastic response of transonic pitching and plunging wing-fuel tank sloshing system by considering an approximate simplified model of an airfoil in transonic flow and sloshing loads from a partially filled fuel tank rigidly embedded inside the airfoil and undergoing a free unsteady motion. The ML surrogates are then used to predict the aeroelastic response of the coupled system. The external aerodynamic loads on the airfoil and the two-phase sloshing loads data for training the RNN are generated using open-source computational fluid dynamics (CFD) codes. The aerodynamic force and moment coefficients are predicted from the surrogate model based on its motion history. Similarly, the lateral and vertical forces and moments from fuel sloshing in the fuel tank are predicted using the surrogate model resulting from the motion of the embedded fuel tank. Comparing the free motion of the airfoil without sloshing tank to the free motion of the airfoil with a partially-filled fuel tank shows that the effects of sloshing on the aeroelastic motion of the aero-structural system. The effectiveness of the predictions from RNN are then assessed by comparing with the results from the high-fidelity coupled aero-structural-fuel tank sloshing simulations. It is demonstrated that the surrogate models can accurately and economically predict the coupled aero-structural motion.