Drawing insights from pion parton distributions

Abstract: A symmetry-preserving continuum approach to the two valence-body bound-state problem is used to calculate the valence, glue and sea distributions within the pion; unifying them with, inter alia, electromagnetic pion elastic and transition form factors. The analysis reveals the following momentum fractions at the scale $\zeta_2:=2\,$GeV: $\langle x_{\rm valence} \rangle = 0.48(3)$, $\langle x_{\rm glue} \rangle = 0.41(2)$, $\langle x_{\rm sea} \rangle = 0.11(2)$; and despite hardening induced by the emergent phenomenon of dynamical chiral symmetry breaking, the valence-quark distribution function, ${q}^\pi(x)$, exhibits the $x\simeq 1$ behaviour predicted by quantum chromodynamics (QCD). After evolution to $\zeta=5.2\,$GeV, the prediction for ${q}^\pi(x)$ matches that obtained using lattice-regularised QCD. This confluence should both stimulate improved analyses of existing data and aid in planning efforts to obtain new data on the pion distribution functions.