Time-varying metasurfaces for broadband spectral camouflage

Abstract: The possibility of making an object invisible for detectors has become a topic of considerable interest over the past decades. Most of the studies so far focused on reducing the visibility by reshaping the electromagnetic scattering in the spatial domain. In fact, by manipulating the electromagnetic scattering in the time domain, the visibility of an object can also be reduced. Importantly, unlike previous studies on phase-switched screens and time-varying metasurfaces, where the effect is narrow band due to the dispersive resonance, for microwave frequency range, we introduce a broadband switchable metasurface integrated with p-i-n diodes. The reflection phase of the metasurface can be changed by approximately {\pi} over a fractional bandwidth of 76%. By modulating the metasurface quasirandomly in the time domain, the incident narrow-band signal is spread into a white-noiselike spectrum upon reflection, creating a spectral camouflage. The broadband feature of the proposed time-varying metasurface can provide practical insight for various applications, including radar stealth and ultrawide-band wireless communication.