Detections of simultaneous brightening of gamma-ray and optical emissions of a distant blazar GB 1508+5714 at redshift 4.3

Abstract: GB 1508+5714 is a high-redshift blazar ($z$ = 4.3) and a spectrally soft $\gamma$-ray source has been detected in its direction. By analyzing 11.4-yr {\it Fermi}-LAT data, significant long-term variability of the $\gamma$-ray source is confirmed. More importantly, a $\gamma$-ray emission flare appeared in an epoch of several tens of days in year 2018, when the flux is about four times of the value from the global fit. Meanwhile, optical flares displayed in both $r$- and $i$-bands from the {\it Zwicky} Transient Facility light curves. Detections of the simultaneous $\gamma$-ray and optical brightening provide a decisive evidence to pin down the association between the $\gamma$-ray source and GB 1508+5714, which makes it the {\it first} identified $\gamma$-ray blazar beyond redshift 4. A broadband spectral energy distribution in the high flux state is constructed and the origin of the multiwavelength brightening is also briefly discussed. Upcoming wide-deep-fast optical telescopes together with the $\gamma$-ray sky surveyors will shed lights on the role that the AGN jets play in the early cosmic time.