Ultimate periodicity problem for linear numeration systems

Abstract: We address the following decision problem. Given a numeration system $U$ and a $U$-recognizable set $X\subseteq\mathbb{N}$, i.e. the set of its greedy $U$-representations is recognized by a finite automaton, decide whether or not $X$ is ultimately periodic. We prove that this problem is decidable for a large class of numeration systems built on linearly recurrent sequences. Based on arithmetical considerations about the recurrence equation and on $p$-adic methods, the DFA given as input provides a bound on the admissible periods to test.