Quantifying resources for Page-Wootters mechanism: Shared asymmetry as relative entropy of entanglement

Abstract: Recently, some attention has been given to the so-called Page-Wootters mechanism of quantum clocks. Among the various proposals to explore the mechanism using more modern techniques, some have chosen to use a quantum information perspective, defining and using informational measures to quantify how well a quantum system can stand as a reference frame for other quantum system. In this work, we explore the proposal based on resource theory of asymmetry, known as mutual or shared asymmetry, which actually is equivalent to the approach from coherence theory in the case of interest here: quantum reference frames described by the $U(1)$ compact group. We extend some previous results in literature about shared asymmetry and Page-Wootters mechanism to more general cases, culminating in the enunciation of a theorem relating shared asymmetry of a bipartite state $\rho_{SR}$ with the relative entropy of entanglement of \textit{internal states} $\rho_M$ on the charge sectors of the Hilbert space $\mathcal{H}_S\otimes\mathcal{H}_R$. Using this result we reinterpret the relation between Page-Wootters mechanism and entanglement and also open some paths to further studies.