Broadband Optomechanical Sensing at the Thermodynamic Limit

Abstract: Cavity optomechanics has opened new avenues of research in both fundamental physics and precision measurement by significantly advancing the sensitivity achievable in detecting attonewton forces, nanoparticles, magnetic fields, and gravitational waves. A fundamental limit to sensitivity for these measurements is energy exchange with the environment as described by the fluctuation-dissipation theorem. While the limiting sensitivity can be increased by increasing the mass or reducing the damping of the mechanical sensing element, these design tradeoffs lead to larger detectors or limit the range of mechanical frequencies that can be measured, excluding the bandwidth requirements for many real-world applications. We report on a microfabricated optomechanical sensing platform based on a Fabry-Perot microcavity and show that when operating as an accelerometer it can achieve nearly ideal broadband performance at the thermodynamic limit (Brownian motion of the proof mass) with the highest sensitivity reported to date over a wide frequency range ($314\,nm \cdot s^{-2}/\sqrt{Hz}$ over 6.8 kHz). This approach is applicable to a range of measurements from pressure and force sensing to seismology and gravimetry, including searches for new physics such as non-Newtonian gravity or dark matter.