Elastically driven Kelvin-Helmholtz-like instability in planar channel flow

Abstract: Kelvin-Helmholtz instability (KHI) is widely spread in nature on scales from micrometer up to Galactic one. This instability refers to the growth of perturbation of an interface between two parallel streams of Newtonian fluids with different velocities and densities, destabilized by shear strain and stabilized by density stratification with the heavier fluid at the bottom. Here, we report the discovery of the purely elastic KH-like instability in planar straight channel flow of viscoelastic fluid, which is theoretically considered to be stable. However, despite the remarkable similarity to the Newtonian KHI temporal interface dynamics, the elastic KHI reveals qualitatively different instability mechanism. Indeed, the velocity difference across the interface strongly fluctuates and non-monotonically varies in time due to energy pumping by elastic waves, detected in the flow. A correlation of the elastic wave intensity and efficiency of the elastic KHI in different regimes suggests that the competition between the destabilizing factor of the elastic waves and the stabilizing effect of the elastic stress difference generated by the velocity difference at the interface is the novel instability mechanism of the elastic KHI.