Characters and chromatic symmetric functions

Abstract: Let $P$ be a poset, $inc(P)$ its incomparability graph, and $X_{inc(P)}$ the corresponding chromatic symmetric function, as defined by Stanley in {\em Adv. Math.}, {\bf 111} (1995) pp.~166--194. Certain conditions on $P$ imply that the expansions of $X_{inc(P)}$ in standard symmetric function bases yield coefficients which have simple combinatorial interpretations. By expressing these coefficients as character evaluations, we extend several of these interpretations to {\em all} posets $P$. Consequences include new combinatorial interpretations of the permanent and other immanants of totally nonnegative matrices, and of the sum of elementary coefficients in the Shareshian-Wachs chromatic quasisymmetric function $X_{inc(P),q}$ when $P$ is a unit interval order.