Comparative analysis of word embeddings in assessing semantic similarity of complex sentences

Abstract: Semantic textual similarity is one of the open research challenges in the field of Natural Language Processing. Extensive research has been carried out in this field and near-perfect results are achieved by recent transformer-based models in existing benchmark datasets like the STS dataset and the SICK dataset. In this paper, we study the sentences in these datasets and analyze the sensitivity of various word embeddings with respect to the complexity of the sentences. We build a complex sentences dataset comprising of 50 sentence pairs with associated semantic similarity values provided by 15 human annotators. Readability analysis is performed to highlight the increase in complexity of the sentences in the existing benchmark datasets and those in the proposed dataset. Further, we perform a comparative analysis of the performance of various word embeddings and LLMs on the existing benchmark datasets and the proposed dataset. The results show the increase in complexity of the sentences has a significant impact on the performance of the embedding models resulting in a 10-20% decrease in Pearson's and Spearman's correlation.