Towards a general quasi-linear approach for the instabilities of bi-Kappa plasmas. Whistler instability

Abstract: Kappa distributions are ubiquitous in space and astrophysical poorly collisional plasmas, such as the solar wind, suggesting that microscopic and macroscopic properties of these non-equilibrium plasmas are highly conditioned by the wave-particle interactions. The present work addresses the evolution of anisotropic bi-Kappa (or bi-$\kappa$-)distributions of electrons triggering instabilities of electromagnetic electron-cyclotron (or whistler) modes. The new quasi-linear approach proposed here includes time variations of the $\kappa$ parameter during the relaxation of temperature anisotropy. Numerical results show that $\kappa$ may increase for short interval of times at the beginning, but then decreases towards a value lower than the initial one, while the plasma beta and temperature anisotropy indicate a systematic relaxation. Our results suggest that the electromagnetic turbulence plays an important role on the suprathermalization of the plasma, ultimately lowering the parameter $\kappa$. Even though the variation of $\kappa$ is in general negative ($\Delta \kappa <0$) this variation seems to depend of the initial conditions of anisotropic electrons, which can vary very much in the inner heliosphere.