Photon helicity and quantum anomalies in curved spacetimes

Abstract: We compare several definitions of photon helicity (magnetic, electric, electromagnetic) present in literature. In curved spacetime quantum anomalies can spoil helicity conservation inducing, according to these definitions, different effects on photons: either rotation of linear polarization or production of circular polarization. We derive the Noether current associated with duality transformations starting from manifestly invariant Lagrangians.