Arnold diffusion and geodesic dynamics of blackholes

Abstract: In this paper, we study the chaotic motion of a massive particle moving in a perturbed Schwarzschild or Kerr background. We discover three novel orbits that do not exist in the unperturbed cases. First, we find zoom-whirl orbits moving around the photon shell which simultaneously exhibits Arnold diffusion: large oscillations of particle's angular momentum and energy. Next, we show the existence of oscillating orbits between a bounded region and infinity, analogous to Newtonian three-body problem. Thirdly, we find that in perturbed Kerr, there exists chaotic orbits around the event horizon that escapes the event horizon after approaching it.