Gaussian Estimates for Heat Kernels of Higher Order Schrödinger Operators with Potentials in Generalized Schechter Classes

Abstract: Let $m\in\mathbb N$, $P(D):=\sum_{|\alpha|=2m}(-1)^m a_\alpha D^\alpha$ be a $2m$-order homogeneous elliptic operator with real constant coefficients on $\mathbb{R}^n$, and $V$ a measurable function on $\mathbb{R}^n$. In this article, the authors introduce a new generalized Schechter class concerning $V$ and show that the higher order Schr\"odinger operator $\mathcal{L}:=P(D)+V$ possesses a heat kernel that satisfies the Gaussian upper bound and the H\"older regularity when $V$ belongs to this new class. The Davies--Gaffney estimates for the associated semigroup and their local versions are also given. These results pave the way for many further studies on the analysis of $\mathcal{L}$.