Simultaneous p-adic Diophantine approximation

Abstract: The goal of this paper is to develop the theory of weighted Diophantine approximation of rational numbers to $p$-adic numbers. Firstly, we establish complete analogues of Khintchine's theorem, the Duffin-Schaeffer theorem and the Jarn\'ik-Besicovitch theorem for `weighted' simultaneous Diophantine approximation in the $p$-adic case. Secondly, we obtain a lower bound for the Hausdorff dimension of weighted simultaneously approximable points lying on $p$-adic manifolds. This is valid for very general classes of curves and manifolds and have natural constraints on the exponents of approximation. The key tools we use in our proofs are the Mass Transference Principle, including its recent extension due to Wang and Wu, and a Zero-One law for weighted $p$-adic approximations established in this paper.