Intertwining operator and integrable hierarchies from topological strings

Abstract: In [1], Nakatsu and Takasaki have shown that the melting crystal model behind the topological strings vertex provides a tau-function of the KP hierarchy after an appropriate time deformation. We revisit their derivation with a focus on the underlying quantum $W_{1+\infty}$ symmetry. Specifically, we point out the role played by automorphisms and the connection with the intertwiner - or vertex operator - of the algebra. This algebraic perspective allows us to extend part of their derivation to the refined melting crystal model, lifting the algebra to the quantum toroidal algebra of $\mathfrak{gl}(1)$ (also called Ding-Iohara-Miki algebra). In this way, we take a first step toward the definition of deformed hierarchies associated to A-model refined topological strings.