On Multifractionality of Spherical Random Fields with Cosmological Applications

Abstract: This paper studies random fields on the unit sphere. Traditionally, isotropic Gaussian random fields are considered as the underlying statistical model of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) data. This paper discusses the generalized multifractional Brownian motion and its pointwise H\"older exponent on the sphere. The multifractional approach is used to investigate the CMB data from the Planck mission. These data consist of CMB radiation measurements at narrow angles of the sky sphere. The obtained results suggest that the estimated H\"older exponents for different CMB regions do change from location to location. Therefore, CMB data are multifractional. Then the developed methodology is used to suggest two approaches for detecting regions with anomalies in cleaned CMB maps.