Quantum Simulation of Lattice Gauge Theories in more than One Space Dimension -- Requirements, Challenges, Methods

Abstract: Over the recent years, the relatively young field of quantum simulation of lattice gauge theories - aiming at implementing simulators of gauge theories with quantum platforms, has gone through a rapid development process. It is now of interest not only to people in the quantum information and technology community, but also seen as a valid tool for tackling hard, nonperturbative gauge theory physics by more and more particle and nuclear physicists. Along the theoretical progress, nowadays more and more experiments which actually implement such simulators are being reported, manifesting beautiful results, but mostly on $1+1$ dimensional physics. In this paper, we review the essential ingredients and requirements of lattice gauge theories in more dimensions, discuss their meanings, the challenges they impose and how they could be dealt with, potentially, aiming at the next steps of this field towards simulating challenging physical problems.