Quantum logical entropy: fundamentals and general properties

Abstract: Logical entropy gives a measure, in the sense of measure theory, of the distinctions of a given partition of a set, an idea that can be naturally generalized to classical probability distributions. Here, we analyze how fundamental concepts of this entropy and other related definitions can be applied to the study of quantum systems, leading to the introduction of the quantum logical entropy. Moreover, we prove several properties of this entropy for generic density matrices that may be relevant to various areas of quantum mechanics and quantum information. Furthermore, we extend the notion of quantum logical entropy to post-selected systems.