Semilocal approximation for the Fermat-Catalan and further popular Diophantine norm equations

Abstract: We show that the equation $\frac{x^p + y^p}{x+y} = p^e z^q$ has no solutions in coprime integers $x,y,z$, prime exponents with $ q \geq p \geq 5$, and $e \in {0,1}$, while for $q < p$ there is an absolute upper bound in $p$ and $q$ for the larger of $|x|$ and $|y|$. The result provides, in particular, a complete cyclotomic proof of Fermat's Last Theorem.