Natural selection from the perspective of mathematical and physical laws

Abstract: The theory of evolution by natural selection cannot be used to evaluate the truth value of the following proposition: Through evolution, there exists at least one species that can adapt to any one given environment. To address this issue, this study attempted to define natural selection from the perspective of mathematical and physical laws. This study roughly classified biological activities into molecular, cellular, individual, ecological, and biogeochemical (atomic) levels according to scale and complexity, and selected typical phenomena from each level to analyze the relationship between adaptive evolution and several laws of mathematics and physics. Then, we proposed that natural selection favors heritable variations that allows organisms to better use and/or hide the laws in a certain environment. Reproductive advantage is by far the most obvious consequence of natural selection. Moreover, adaptive evolution can lead to the emergence of laws that ensures that each law only controls some properties of organisms. This study found that organisms significantly influence themselves in all five levels of biological activities, and the whole biosphere can be considered as a huge and evolution-driven feedback loop. Organisms can carry more laws than non-living matter, but the carrying capacity is limited. Therefore, this study's findings suggest that adaptive evolution makes organisms subject to more laws of mathematics and physics until the highest carrying capacity is reached.