Cuts and small extensions of abelian ordered groups

Abstract: We classify cuts in (totally) ordered abelian groups $\g$ and compute the coinitiality and cofinality of all cuts in case $\g$ is divisible, in terms of data intrinsically associated to the invariance group of the cut. We relate cuts with small extensions of $\g$ in a natural way, which leads to an explicit construction of a totally ordered real vector space containing realizations of all cuts. This construction is applied to the problem of classifying all extensions of the valuation from a given valued field $K$ to the rational function field $K(x)$.