Semi-stable representations as limits of crystalline representations

Abstract: We construct an explicit sequence $V_{k_n,a_n}$ of crystalline representations of exceptional weights converging to a given irreducible two-dimensional semi-stable representation $V_{k,{\mathcal{L}}}$ of $\mathrm{Gal}({\overline{\mathbb{Q}}}p/{\mathbb{Q}}_p)$. The convergence takes place in the blow-up space of two-dimensional trianguline representations studied by Colmez and Chenevier. The process of blow-up is described in detail in the rigid analytic setting and may be of independent interest. Also, we recover a formula of Stevens expressing the ${\mathcal{L}}$-invariant as a logarithmic derivative. Our result can be used to compute the reduction of $V{k,{\mathcal{L}}}$ in terms of the reductions of the $V_{k_n,a_n}$. For instance, using the zig-zag conjecture we recover (resp. extend) the work of Breuil-M\'ezard and Guerberoff-Park computing the reductions of the $V_{k,{\mathcal{L}}}$ for weights at most $p-1$ (resp. $p+1$), at least on the inertia subgroup. In the cases where zig-zag is known, we are further able to obtain some new information about the reductions for small odd weights. Finally, we explain some apparent violations to local constancy in the weight of the reductions of crystalline representations of small weight.