Mean Sombor index

Abstract: We introduce a degree-based variable topological index inspired on the power (or generalized) mean. We name this new index as the mean Sombor index: $mSO_\alpha(G) = \sum_{uv \in E(G)} \left[\left( d_u^\alpha+d_v^\alpha \right) /2 \right]^{1/\alpha}$. Here, $uv$ denotes the edge of the graph $G$ connecting the vertices $u$ and $v$, $d_u$ is the degree of the vertex $u$, and $\alpha \in \mathbb{R} \backslash {0}$. We also consider the limit cases $mSO_{\alpha\to 0}(G)$ and $mSO_{\alpha\to\pm\infty}(G)$. Indeed, for given values of $\alpha$, the mean Sombor index is related to well-known topological indices such as the inverse sum indeg index, the reciprocal Randic index, the first Zagreb index, the Stolarsky--Puebla index and several Sombor indices. Moreover, through a quantitative structure property relationship (QSPR) analysis we show that $mSO_\alpha(G)$ correlates well with several physicochemical properties of octane isomers. Some mathematical properties of mean Sombor indices as well as bounds and new relationships with known topological indices are also discussed.