Hausdorff Dimension and Lebesgue Measure of Codiagonal of Embedded Vector Bundles over Submanifolds in Euclidean Space

Abstract: In this paper we study measure theoretical size of the image of naturally embedded vector bundles in $\mathbb{R}^{n} \times \mathbb{R}^{n}$ under the codiagonal morphism, i.e. $\Delta_{*}$ in the category of finite dimensional $\mathbb{R}$-vector spaces. Under very weak smoothness condition we show that codiagonal of normal bundles always contain an open subset of the ambient space, and we give corresponding criterions for the tangent bundles. For any differentiable hypersurface we show that the codiagonal of its tangent bundle has non-empty interior, unless the hypersurface is contained in a hyperplane. Assuming further smoothness (e.g. twice differentiable) we show that union of any family of hyperplanes that covers the hypersurface has maximal possible Hausdorff dimension. We also define and study a notion of degeneracy of embedded $C^{1}$ vector bundles over a $C^{1}$ submanifold and show as a corollary that if the base manifold has at least one non-inflection point then codiagonal of any $C^{1}$ line bundle over it has positive Lebesgue measure. Finally we show that codiagonal of any line bundle over an $n$-dimensional ellipsoid or a convex curve has non-empty interior, and the same assertion also holds for any non-tangent line bundle over a hyperplane.