High Voltage Generation by Fiber-Coupled Pulsed Laser for a Simple Receiver Circuit Structure

Abstract: Almost all high-voltage dc generation for low-power applications is done by either electrostatic machines or voltage multipliers. Electrostatic machines use mechanically moving parts to transfer charge and energy from the low-voltage side to the high-voltage side. Voltage multipliers use capacitive and inductive networks to achieve the same purpose of energy transfer. Considering the pros and cons inherent in those mechanical, capacitive, and inductive energy transfer, a new means of energy transfer may provide a superior design of a high voltage dc generator. Here we investigate the design of high voltage generators based on optical power transfer. Optical power delivered via fiber-optic cable allows extensive input-to-output dc insulation and spatial separation. These characteristics lead to advantages with respect to ease of insulation, ease of electromagnetic shielding, and scalability. We experimentally validate the idea by building and testing a 5.5 kV dc generator module solely powered by a 20 kHz pulsed laser, and cascading three of those modules to obtain 14.7 kV dc output voltage. We then discuss possible improvements to the circuit design to make it useful for real-world applications. Finally, we demonstrate an optically powered electroadhesion gripper to show the practicality of the proposed high voltage generator.