On the $p$-ranks of the ideal class groups of imaginary quadratic fields

Abstract: For a prime number $p \geq 5$, we explicitly construct a family of imaginary quadratic fields $K$ with ideal class groups $Cl_{K}$ having $p$-rank ${{\rm{rk}}{p}(Cl{K})}$ at least $2$. We also quantitatively prove, under the assumption of the $abc$-conjecture, that for sufficiently large positive real numbers $X$ and any real number $\varepsilon$ with $0 < \varepsilon < \frac{1}{p - 1}$, the number of imaginary quadratic fields $K$ with the absolute value of the discriminant $d_{K}$ $\leq X$ and ${{\rm{rk}}{p}(Cl{K})} \geq 2$ is $\gg X^{\frac{1}{p - 1} - \varepsilon}$. This improves the previously known lower bound of $X^{\frac{1}{p} - \varepsilon}$ due to Byeon and the recent bound $X^{\frac{1}{p}}/(\log X)^{2}$ due to Kulkarni and Levin.