Quantum phase transition in a clean superconductor with repulsive dynamical interaction

Abstract: We consider a model of electrons at zero temperature, with a repulsive interaction which is a function of the energy transfer. Such an interaction can arise from the combination of electron-electron repulsion at high energies and the weaker electron-phonon attraction at low energies. As shown in previous works, superconductivity can develop despite the overall repulsion due to the energy dependence of the interaction, but the gap $\Delta(\omega)$ must change sign at some (imaginary) frequency $\omega_0$ to counteract the repulsion. However, when the constant repulsive part of the interaction is increased, a quantum phase transition towards the normal state occurs. We show that, as the phase transition is approached, $\Delta$ and $\omega_0$ must vanish in a correlated way such that $1/|\log[\Delta(0)]| \sim \omega_0^2$. We discuss the behavior of phase fluctuations near this transition and show that the correlation between $\Delta(0)$ and $\omega_0$ locks the phase stiffness to a non-zero value.