A New First Order Taylor-like Theorem With An Optimized Reduced Remainder

Abstract: This paper is devoted to a new first order Taylor-like formula where the corresponding remainder is strongly reduced in comparison with the usual one which appears in the classical Taylor's formula. To derive this new formula, we introduce a linear combination of the first derivative of the concerned function, which is computed at n+1 equally-spaced points between the two points where the function has to be evaluated. We show that an optimal choice of the weights in the linear combination leads to minimizing the corresponding remainder. Then, we analyze the Lagrange P1- interpolation error estimate and also the trapezoidal quadrature error, in order to assess the gain of accuracy we obtain using this new Taylor-like formula.