The spatially homogeneous Hopf bifurcation induced jointly by memory and general delays in a diffusive system

Abstract: In this paper, by incorporating the general delay to the reaction term in the memory-based diffusive system, we propose a diffusive system with memory delay and general delay (e.g., digestion, gestation, hunting, migration and maturation delays, etc.). We first derive an algorithm for calculating the normal form of Hopf bifurcation in the proposed system. The developed algorithm for calculating the normal form of Hopf bifurcation can be used to investigate the direction and stability of Hopf bifurcation. As a real application, we consider a diffusive predator-prey model with ratio-dependent Holling type-3 functional response, which includes with memory and gestation delays. The Hopf bifurcation analysis without gestation delay is first studied, then the Hopf bifurcation analysis with memory and gestation delays is studied. By using the developed algorithm for calculating the normal form of Hopf bifurcation, the supercritical and stable spatially homogeneous periodic solutions induced jointly by memory and general delays are found. The stable spatially homogeneous periodic solutions are also found by the numerical simulations which confirms our analytic result.