Topological surfaces of domain wall-decorated antiferromagnetic topological insulator MnBi$_{2n}$Te$_{3n+1}$

Abstract: Antiferromagnetic topological insulators harbor topological in-gap surface states protected by an anti-unitary $S$ symmetry, which is broken by the inevitable presence of domain walls. Whether an antiferromagnetic topological insulator with domain walls is gapless and metallic on its topological surfaces remains to be elucidated. We show that a single non-statistical index characterizing the magnetic order of domain wall-decorated antiferromagnetic topological insulator, referred to as the Ising moment, determines the topological surface gap, which can be zero even when the $S$ symmetry is manifestly broken. In the thermodynamic limit, the topological surface states tend to be gapless when magnetic fluctuation is bounded. In this case, the Lyapunov exponent of the surface transfer matrix reveals a surface delocalization transition near the zero energy due to a crossover from orthogonal to chiral orthogonal symmetry class. Spectroscopic and transport measurements on the surface states will reveal the critical behavior of the transition, which in return bears on the nature of antiferromagnetic domains walls.