Spatially resolving amplitude and phase of light with a reconfigurable photonic integrated circuit

Abstract: Photonic integrated circuits (PICs) play a pivotal role in many applications. Particularly powerful are circuits based on meshes of reconfigurable Mach-Zehnder interferometers as they enable active processing of light. Various possibilities exist to get light into such circuits. Sampling an electromagnetic field distribution with a carefully designed free-space interface is one of them. Here, a reconfigurable PIC is used to optically sample and process free-space beams so as to implement a spatially resolving detector of amplitudes and phases. In order to perform measurements of this kind we develop and experimentally implement a versatile method for the calibration and operation of such integrated photonics based detectors. Our technique works in a wide parameter range, even when running the chip off the design wavelength. Amplitude, phase and polarization sensitive measurements are of enormous importance in modern science and technology, providing a vast range of applications for such detectors.