On extremizing sequences for adjoint Fourier restriction to the sphere

Abstract: In this article, we develop a linear profile decomposition for the $L^p \to L^q$ adjoint Fourier restriction operator associated to the sphere, valid for exponent pairs $p<q$ for which this operator is bounded. Such theorems are new when $p \neq 2$. We apply these methods to prove new results regarding the existence of extremizers and the behavior of extremizing sequences for the spherical extension operator. Namely, assuming boundedness, extremizers exist if $q>\max{p,\tfrac{d+2}d p'}$, or if $q=\tfrac{d+2}d p'$ and the operator norm exceeds a certain constant times the operator norm of the parabolic extension operator.