Dislocation healing during hydrogen absorption and desorption in palladium

Abstract: An in-situ neutron diffraction investigation of the annealing and healing of dislocations in the bulk Pd-D2 system was carried out. Lattice misfit between the alpha and beta hydride phases produces dislocations during the phase transition in either direction, relieving elastic strain, which is reflected in reduced pressure hysteresis compared to the spinodal hysteresis. The effects on the dislocation density of annealing the metal under vacuum, of annealing in the beta hydride phase, and of the phase transformation itself were investigated by measuring diffraction peak breadths during annealing and hydrogen cycling. During annealing under vacuum the dislocations were removed at a lower temperature than was previously reported, but annealing in the beta phase gave nearly the same result. However, when cycling hydrogen in and out of the sample, the dislocation density decreased much faster with increasing temperature compared to annealing. In other words the process of phase transformation allows for healing of dislocations at lower temperatures than would be required to anneal them purely by heating. This healing effect was observed during both absorption and desorption. This result illuminates the mechanism by which misfit dislocations can be healed at the same rate that they are created in a sample undergoing absorption-desorption cycling, as proposed in theoretical models of the origin of pressure hysteresis.