A representation-theoretic computation of the rank of $1$-intersection incidence matrices: $2$-subsets vs. $n$-subsets

Abstract: Let $W_{k,n}^{i}(m)$ denote a matrix with rows and columns indexed by the $k$-subsets and $n$-subsets, respectively, of an $m$-element set. The row $S$, column $T$ entry of $W_{k,n}^{i}(m)$ is $1$ if $|S \cap T| = i$, and is $0$ otherwise. We compute the rank of the matrix $W_{2,n}^{1}(m)$ over any field by making use of the representation theory of the symmetric group. We also give a simple condition under which $W_{k,n}^{i}(m)$ has large $p$-rank.