Stranger than Metals

Abstract: Although the resistivity in traditional metals increases with temperature, its $T$ dependence vanishes at low or high temperature, albeit for different reasons. Here, we review a class of materials, known as \lq strange' metals, that can violate both principles. In materials exhibiting such behavior, the change in slope of the resistivity as the mean free path drops below the lattice constant, or as $T \rightarrow 0$, can be imperceptible, suggesting complete continuity between the charge carriers at low and high $T$. Since particles cannot scatter at length scales shorter than the interatomic spacing, strange metallicity calls into question the relevance of locality and a particle picture of the underlying current. This review focuses on transport and spectroscopic data on candidate strange metals with an eye to isolate and identify a unifying physical principle. Special attention is paid to quantum criticality, Planckian dissipation, Mottness, and whether a new gauge principle, which has a clear experimental signature, is needed to account for the non-local transport seen in strange metals. For the cuprates, strange metallicity is shown to track the superfluid density, thereby making a theory of this state the primary hurdle in solving the riddle of high-temperature superconductivity.