Thermal properties of structurally balanced systems on classical random graphs

Abstract: The dynamics of social relations and the possibility of reaching the state of structural balance (Heider balance) under the influence of the temperature modeling the social noise level are discussed for interacting actors occupying nodes of classical random graphs. Depending on the graph density $D$, either a smooth cross-over or a first-order phase transition from a balanced to an imbalanced state of the system is observed with an increase of the thermal noise level. The minimal graph density $D_\text{min}$ for which the first-order phase transition can be observed decreases with system size $N$ as $D_\text{min}\propto N^{-0.58(1)}$. For graph densities $D>D_\text{min}$ the reduced critical temperature $T_c^\star=T_c/T_c(D=1)$ increases with the graph density as $T_c^\star\propto D^{1.719(6)}$ independently of the system size $N$.