Sharp non-uniqueness of weak solutions to 3D magnetohydrodynamic equations

Abstract: We prove the non-uniqueness of weak solutions to 3D hyper viscous and resistive MHD in the class $L^\gamma_tW^{s,p}_x$, where the exponents $(s,\gamma,p)$ lie in two supercritical regimes. The result reveals that the scaling-invariant Lady\v{z}enskaja-Prodi-Serrin (LPS) condition is the right criterion to detect non-uniqueness, even in the highly viscous and resistive regime beyond the Lions exponent. In particular, for the classical viscous and resistive MHD, the non-uniqueness is sharp near the endpoint $(0,2,\infty)$ of the LPS condition. Moreover, the constructed weak solutions admit the partial regularity outside a small fractal singular set in time with zero $\mathcal{H}^{\eta_*}$-Hausdorff dimension, where $\eta_*$ can be any given small positive constant. Furthermore, we prove the strong vanishing viscosity and resistivity result, which yields the failure of Taylor's conjecture along some subsequence of weak solutions to the hyper viscous and resistive MHD beyond the Lions exponent.