Path Triangulation, Cycles and Good Covers on Planar Cell Complexes. Extension of J.H.C. Whitehead's Homotopy System Geometric Realization and E.C. Zeeman's Collapsible Cone Theorems

Abstract: This paper introduces path triangulation of points in a bounded, simply connected surface region, replacing ordinary triangles in a Delaunay triangulation with path triangles from homotopy theory. A {\bf path triangle} has a border that is a sequence of paths $h:I\to X, I=[0,1]$. The main results in this paper are that (1) a cone $D\times I$ collapses to a path triangle $h\bigtriangleup K$, extending E.C. Zeeman's collapsible dunce hat cone theorem, (2) an ordinary path triangle with geometrically realized straight edges generalizes Veech's billiard triangle, (3) a billiard ball $K\times I$ collapses to a round path triangle geometrically realized as a triangle with curviliear edges, (4) a geometrically realized homotopy system defined in terms of free group presentations of path triangulations of finite cell complexes extends J.H.C. Whitehead's homotopy system geometric realization theorem and (5) every path triangulation of a cell complex is a good cover.