Parameters of the Galactic Spiral Density Wave from Masers with Parallax Errors Less Than 10%

Abstract: We have studied the kinematics of Galactic masers and radio stars with measured VLBI trigonometric parallaxes and proper motions. We have considered masers with relative trigonometric parallax errors less than 10\% and determined the Galactic rotation parameters from them. In particular, the linear rotation velocity of the Galaxy at the solar distance $R_0$ has been found to be $244.4\pm4.3$ km s$^{-1}$ (for the adopted $R_0=8.1\pm0.1$ kpc). We have performed a joint and separate spectral analysis of the radial, residual tangential, and vertical maser velocities. For example, from the vertical maser velocities we have estimated the velocity perturbation amplitude $f_W=5.2\pm1.5$ km s$^{-1}$ with the wavelength $\lambda_W=2.6\pm0.7$ kpc, arguing for the influence of the spiral density wave on the vertical stellar velocities. Based on 104 masers within 3 kpc of the Sun, as a result of the joint solution, we have estimated the radial, $f_R=6.7\pm1.1$ km s$^{-1}$, and tangential, $f_\theta=2.6\pm1.2$ km s$^{-1}$, velocity perturbations, the perturbation wavelength $\lambda=2.1\pm0.3$ kpc, and the Sun's phase in the Galactic spiral density wave $\chi_\odot=-148\pm15^\circ$. We have confirmed the presence of the Radcliffe wave in the spatial distribution of masers and radio stars belonging to the Local Arm.