Pop, Crackle, Snap (and Pow): Some Facets of Shards

Abstract: Reading cut the hyperplanes in a real central arrangement $\mathcal H$ into pieces called \emph{shards}, which reflect order-theoretic properties of the arrangement. We show that shards have a natural interpretation as certain generators of the fundamental group of the complement of the complexification of $\mathcal H$. Taking only positive expressions in these generators yields a new poset that we call the \emph{pure shard monoid}. When $\mathcal H$ is simplicial, its poset of regions is a lattice, so it comes equipped with a pop-stack sorting operator $\mathsf{Pop}$. In this case, we use $\mathsf{Pop}$ to define an embedding $\mathsf{Crackle}$ of Reading's shard intersection order into the pure shard monoid. When $\mathcal H$ is the reflection arrangement of a finite Coxeter group, we also define a poset embedding $\mathsf{Snap}$ of the shard intersection order into the positive braid monoid; in this case, our three maps are related by $\mathsf{Snap}=\mathsf{Crackle} \cdot \mathsf{Pop}$.