The "pure-shear" fracture test for viscoelastic elastomers and its revelation on Griffith fracture

Abstract: Strikingly, "pure-shear" fracture tests have repeatedly shown that fracture nucleation in (common hydrocarbon and other types of) viscoelastic elastomers occurs at a critical stretch that is independent of the stretch rate at which the test is carried out. In this Letter, we demonstrate that this remarkable -- yet overlooked -- experimental finding implies that the Griffith criticality condition that governs nucleation of fracture from large pre-existing cracks in viscoelastic elastomers can be written in fact as an expression not in terms of an elusive loading-history-dependent critical tearing energy Tc, as ordinarily done, but as one exclusively in terms of the intrinsic fracture energy Gc of the elastomer.