The correspondence between the canonical and semicanonical bases

Abstract: Given any symmetric Cartan datum, Lusztig has provided a pair of key lemmas to construct the perverse sheaves over the corresponding quiver and the functions of irreducible components over the corresponding preprojective algebra respectively. In the present article, we prove that these two inductive algorithms of Lusztig coincide. Consequently we can define two colored graphs and prove that they are isomorhic. This result finishes the statement that Lusztig's functions of irreducible components are basis of the enveloping algebra and deduces the crystal structure (in the sense of Kashiwara-Saito) from the semicanonical basis directly inside Lusztig's convolution algebra of the preprojective algebra. As an application, we prove that the transition matrix between the canonical basis and the semicanonical basis is upper triangular with all diagonal entries equal to 1.