Boundedness and exponential stabilization for time-space fractional parabolic-elliptic Keller-Segel model in higher dimensions

Abstract: For the time-space fractional degenerate Keller-Segel equation \begin{equation*} \begin{cases} \partial {t}^{\beta }u=-(-\Delta )^{\frac{\alpha}{2}}(\rho (v)u),& t>0\ (-\Delta )^{\frac{\alpha}{2}} v+v=u,& t>0 \end{cases} \end{equation*} $x\in\Omega, \Omega \subset \mathbb{R}^{n}, \beta\in (0,1),\alpha\in (1,2)$, we consider for $n\geq 3$ the problem of finding a time-independent upper bound of the classical solution such that as $\theta>0,C>0$ \begin{equation*} \left | u(\cdot ,t)-\overline{u{0}} \right |{L^{\infty }(\Omega )}+\left | v(\cdot ,t)-\overline{u{0}} \right |{W^{1,\infty }(\Omega )}\leq Ce^{(-\theta)^{1/\beta}t}, \end{equation*} where $\overline{u{0}}=\frac{1}{\left | \Omega \right |}\int {\Omega }u{0}dx$. We find such solution in the special cases of time-independent upper bound of the concentration with Alikakos-Moser iteration and fractional differential inequality. In those cases the problem is reduced to a time-space fractional parabolic-elliptic equation which is treated with Lyapunov functional methods. A key element in our construction is a proof of the exponential stabilization toward the constant steady states by using fractional Duhamel type integral equation.