Applications of the source-frequency phase-referencing technique for ngEHT observations

Abstract: The source-frequency phase-referencing (SFPR) technique has been demonstrated to have great advantages for mm-VLBI observations. By implementing simultaneous multi-frequency receiving systems on the next generation Event Horizon Telescope (ngEHT) antennas, it is feasible to carry out a frequency phase transfer (FPT) which could calibrate the non-dispersive propagation errors and significantly increase the phase coherence in the visibility data. Such increase offers an efficient approach for weak source or structure detection. SFPR also makes it possible for high precision astrometry, including the core-shift measurements up to sub-mm wavelengths for Sgr A* and M87* etc. We also briefly discuss the technical and scheduling considerations for future SFPR observations with the ngEHT.