Noisy quantum batteries

Abstract: In realistic situations, physical systems can not be completely isolated from its environment. Its inevitable interaction with the environment can influence the working process of the device. In this paper, we consider two-qubit quantum batteries where one qubit of the battery is successively interacting with the spins present in the surrounding environment. We examine the effect of the interaction on the maximum amount of energy that can be extracted from the battery using unitaries. In this context, we use the notion of locally passive states. In particular, we examine the behavior of the amount of extractable work from the noisy battery, initially prepared in a locally passive or ordinary pure state, having a fixed initial entanglement, with the number of interactions the qubit has gone through. We also examine the amount of locally extractable work from the noisy battery. We realize though the amount of extractable energy, be it global or local, as a whole will decrease with the number of spins of environment it interacted with, but if we increase the time interval of the interaction with each spin, after a cut off value of the interval, the small time behavior shows a peculiarity, i.e., the extractable energy within a single interaction starts to increase with time. The cut-off time indicates the Markovian-to-non-Markovian transition of the interaction. We also observe a non-Markovian increase in extractable energy from the Markovian scenario.