I Tag, You Tag, Everybody Tags!

Abstract: Location tags are designed to track personal belongings. Nevertheless, there has been anecdotal evidence that location tags are also misused to stalk people. Tracking is achieved locally, e.g., via Bluetooth with a paired phone, and remotely, by piggybacking on location-reporting devices which come into proximity of a tag. This paper studies the performance of the two most popular location tags (Apple's AirTag and Samsung's SmartTag) through controlled experiments - with a known large distribution of location-reporting devices - as well as in-the-wild experiments - with no control on the number and kind of reporting devices encountered, thus emulating real-life use-cases. We find that both tags achieve similar performance, e.g., they are located 55% of the times in about 10 minutes within a 100 m radius. It follows that real time stalking to a precise location via location tags is impractical, even when both tags are concurrently deployed which achieves comparable accuracy in half the time. Nevertheless, half of a victim's exact movements can be backtracked accurately (10m error) with just a one-hour delay, which is still perilous information in the possession of a stalker.