Evaluating the Effectiveness of 2D and 3D Features for Predicting Tumor Response to Chemotherapy

Abstract: 2D and 3D tumor features are widely used in a variety of medical image analysis tasks. However, for chemotherapy response prediction, the effectiveness between different kinds of 2D and 3D features are not comprehensively assessed, especially in ovarian cancer-related applications. This investigation aims to accomplish such a comprehensive evaluation. For this purpose, CT images were collected retrospectively from 188 advanced-stage ovarian cancer patients. All the metastatic tumors that occurred in each patient were segmented and then processed by a set of six filters. Next, three categories of features, namely geometric, density, and texture features, were calculated from both the filtered results and the original segmented tumors, generating a total of 1595 and 1403 features for the 3D and 2D tumors, respectively. In addition to the conventional single-slice 2D and full-volume 3D tumor features, we also computed the incomplete-3D tumor features, which were achieved by sequentially adding one individual CT slice and calculating the corresponding features. Support vector machine (SVM) based prediction models were developed and optimized for each feature set. 5-fold cross-validation was used to assess the performance of each individual model. The results show that the 2D feature-based model achieved an AUC (area under the ROC curve [receiver operating characteristic]) of 0.84+-0.02. When adding more slices, the AUC first increased to reach the maximum and then gradually decreased to 0.86+-0.02. The maximum AUC was yielded when adding two adjacent slices, with a value of 0.91+-0.01. This initial result provides meaningful information for optimizing machine learning-based decision-making support tools in the future.