Tridiagonal and single-pair matrices and the inverse sum of two single-pair matrices

Abstract: A novel factorization for the sum of two single-pair matrices is established as product of lower-triangular, tridiagonal, and upper-triangular matrices, leading to semi-closed-form formulas for tridiagonal matrix inversion. Subsequent factorizations are established, leading to semi-closed-form formulas for the inverse sum of two single-pair matrices. An application to derive the symbolic inverse of a particular Gram matrix is presented, and the numerical stability of the formulas is studied.